Horn Awareness Recovery Training Series (HARTS)

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Sharpe

Horn Awareness Recovery Training Series (HARTS)

Post by Sharpe »

HARTS feature as part of EFT fight #3. Please see below details of the manoeuvres below, drawn directly form the ‘Flying Operations F16 Combat Aircraft Fundamentals’  :[/i]

HARTS Manoeuvres
The Horn Awareness Recovery Training Series (HARTS) is a series of manoeuvres flown to train recovery procedures from high pitch attitude, slow airspeed conditions normally signalled by the horn. It is designed to be flown initially in sequence as a series.

These controlled manoeuvres will place you into a position in which you may unintentionally find yourself while engaged in air combat manoeuvring. This exposure and recovery training will train you to use the proper recovery procedures should you find yourself in this situation during future flying.

There are five individual manoeuvres in the series described below. The pitch attitude for all these manoeuvres should be set and maintained on the ADI not the flight path marker, because reference to the HUD flight path results in an increasing attitude as the AOA increases. The key to flying these manoeuvres is to use finesse in bringing the nose to the horizon with minimum airspeed loss. If the recoveries are delayed due to slow pilot response or lack of warning horn or if abrupt inputs are made, a departure is possible during these manoeuvres.

It should be emphasised that the roll to the horizon should be made smoothly avoiding buffet, and smoothly stopped before aft stick is applied. Smooth application of aft stick (if needed) is essential. If the nose is not moving toward the horizon, aft stick should be smoothly applied (up to full command) to get the nose moving and keep it moving. If the nose is very high and the airspeed is very slow during recovery, a rapid pitch rate downward may develop. In this case, when the nose approaches vertical downward, a good technique is to apply slight forward stick pressure to slow the pitch rate and protect against overshooting the AOA limiter.
NOTE: HARTS manoeuvres are to be flown by CAT I loaded aircraft only. WARNING: For manoeuvre 4, departure susceptibility significantly increases with wing tanks at entry airspeeds between 300 and 325 KCAS or in any configuration with entry bank angles less than 10º


Unload Manoeuvre HARTS #1.
Objective: To learn the proper technique required to unload the aircraft and recognize an unloaded condition.

Setup: 10,000 AGL or above, 250 KCAS, MIL power, fuel balanced, neutral trim (1 G).

Description: Pull up to 30º pitch with approximately 2 - 3 G's. Initially, slight forward pressure is required to maintain pitch attitude. At approximately 150 KCAS, aft stick is required until reaching the limiter. When the aircraft is stable at 25º AOA, unload (release aft stick pressure) and note aircraft unload (check AOA, should be below 15º). Hold the unload until the aircraft accelerates to 200 KCAS minimum. At 200 KCAS, initiate recovery to level flight.

Comments: This unload is the key to any safe recovery. This manoeuvre is to teach you the proper way to unload the F-16 so you can safely roll the aircraft regardless of airspeed. Because the F-16 is flown with neutral trim (set to 1 G), a release of aft stick pressure should bring the AOA to less than 15º. A proper unload at slow airspeed and high AOA is to release the aft stick pressure. This unload may take 2 - 3 seconds and will make you feel light in the seat. On the first practice manoeuvre, look at the AOA tape, note the AOA and the unload feel. This manoeuvre should be practiced until the recovery can be accomplished without looking inside the cockpit.
HART#1 Diagram:
HART#1.png
HART#1.png (56.86 KiB) Viewed 1060 times

Nose High Recovery Manoeuvre HARTS #2
Objective: To systematically practice the unload manoeuvre and rolling to the nearest horizon while unloaded.

Setup: 10,000' AGL minimum, 350 KCAS, MIL power, fuel balanced, neutral trim.

Description: Pull up to 60º pitch with approximately 2 - 3 G's and hold. Slight forward stick pressure is required to hold the pitch attitude. At 200 KCAS, unload (release stick pressure) and roll the aircraft inverted to the nearest horizon using positive but smooth control inputs. Stop the roll with aileron. When wings level inverted, smoothly apply sufficient aft stick to pull the nose below the horizon. Once the nose is below the horizon, unload and accelerate to 200 KCAS. At 200 KCAS, roll upright and recover.

NOTE: IAW Dash 1 procedures, if altitude is a factor during the recovery, allow airspeed to increase to a minimum of 150 knots, unload the aircraft to less than 1 G, smoothly roll upright and recover to level flight.
HART#2 Diagram:
HART#2.png
HART#2.png (77.55 KiB) Viewed 1060 times


Horn Demonstration Manoeuvre HARTS #3
Objective: To demonstrate and check the operation of the low airspeed/nose high position warning horn and to practice proper recovery procedures at the horn.

Setup: 10,000' AGL or above, 300 KCAS, MIL power, fuel balanced, neutral trim.

Description: Pull up to 50º of pitch with approximately 2 - 3 G's and hold. Allow airspeed to decay until warning horn sounds or 100 KCAS, whichever occurs first. At the horn (or 100 KCAS minimum), unload (release stick pressure); then smoothly roll inverted to the nearest horizon. Stop the roll, then smoothly apply sufficient aft stick to track the nose below the horizon. With the nose below the horizon, unload and accelerate to 200 KCAS. At 200 KCAS, roll upright and recover.

Comments: The horn should come on between 120 KCAS and 130 KCAS. A secondary objective of this manoeuvre is to verify that the horn works prior to flying the horn recovery manoeuvres. This should be the first time you hear the horn during this series of manoeuvres. If the horn does not come on prior to 100 KCAS, discontinue this series of horn recovery manoeuvres and write up the horn after the flight. Smooth but positive control inputs and attention to unload cues are imperative. The aircraft rolls smoothly while unloaded; however, the roll must be positively stopped when inverted prior to smoothly applying aft stick to avoid assaulting both flight control limiters simultaneously.
HART#3 Diagram:
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HART#3.png (71.42 KiB) Viewed 1060 times

Horn Recovery Manoeuvre, 50º - 70º HARTS #4
Objective: Practice recovery at the horn from nose high, high AOA, low airspeed conditions.

Setup: 15,000' AGL or above, 250 KCAS, MIL power, fuel balanced, neutral trim.

NOTE: If flown in an F-16C/D, configured with wing tanks, entry airspeed will be 250 to 275 KCAS. Description: Roll into 10º - 20º bank and apply full aft stick (limiter). When the horn sounds (or 130 KCAS, whichever occurs first), unload (release aft stick pressure); then roll the aircraft inverted toward the nearest horizon. Stop the roll, then smoothly apply sufficient aft stick to track the nose below the horizon. With the nose below the horizon, unload and accelerate to 200 KCAS. At 200 KCAS, roll upright and recover.

Comments: The 250 KCAS entry airspeed will cause the horn airspeed to occur prior to extremely high pitch attitudes if back stick is applied fairly quickly to the AOA limiter. Pitch attitudes of 50º - 70º are typical, with the horn activating at 150 KCAS to 170 KCAS. The low initial bank angle is necessary because bank angle tends to increase as the pull-up progresses. If the pull-up is started with more than 30º bank, the horn may not come on because overbanking causes insufficient pitch attitude to reach the horn envelope (45º nose high). Full aft stick is used to ensure the aircraft is on the limiter at the horn. This will prevent an inadvertent pitch pulse at low airspeed which could cause an AOA overshoot.

WARNING: Departure susceptibility increases significantly if airspeed and bank angle parameters are not met.
HART#4 Diagram:
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HART#4.png (101.46 KiB) Viewed 1044 times


Horn Recovery Manoeuvre, 70º - 110º. HARTS #5
Objective: Practice recovery at the horn from very nose high, high AOA, low airspeed conditions.

Setup: 15,000' AGL or above, 300 KCAS, MIL power, fuel balanced, neutral trim.

NOTE: If flown in an F-16C/D, configured with wing tanks, entry airspeed will be 250 - 275 KCAS. This may result in a lower pitch attitude than desired but is necessary due to departure tendencies when entered at higher airspeeds.

Description: Roll into 10º - 20º of bank and apply full aft stick (limiter). When the horn sounds (or at 130 KCAS, whichever occurs first), smoothly unload (release aft stick pressure); then roll the aircraft inverted toward the nearest horizon. Stop the roll, then smoothly apply sufficient aft stick to track the nose below the horizon. With the nose below the horizon, unload and accelerate to 200 KCAS. At 200 KCAS, roll upright and recover.

Comments: This manoeuvre is identical to the previous one except for higher entry airspeed. The entry airspeed will allow the nose to rise to 70º - 110º pitch before horn activation. The horn should come on in the 180 KCAS to 200 KCAS range. Unload the aircraft before any amount of roll input is made, then smoothly initiate sufficient aft stick to get the nose moving below the horizon. The rest of the recovery technique is exactly the same as for the previous manoeuvre.

WARNING: Departure susceptibility increases significantly if airspeed and bank angle parameters are not met.
HART#5 Diagram
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HART#5.png (103.53 KiB) Viewed 1044 times

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